Childhood-onset Takayasu arteritis: A 15-year experience from a tertiary referral center

Abstract

Aim To describe clinical manifestations, angiographic findings, treatment, activity and damage of our Takayasu arteritis patients. Method The patients who met European League Against Rheumatism/Paediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organisation/Paediatric Rheumatology European Society classification criteria for childhood-onset Takayasu arteritis were reviewed in a retrospective longitudinal manner from 2002 to 2017. Extent of the disease was assessed by Disease Extent Index for Takayasu Arteritis (DEI.Tak), activity by Pediatric Vasculitis Activity Score and Indian Takayasu's Arteritis Activity Score (ITAS 2010) and damage by Pediatric Vasculitis Damage Index and Takayasu Arteritis Damage Score (TADS). Results Sixteen subjects (75% female) with a median disease duration of 3.1 years were enrolled in this study. While the median age at disease onset was 12.1 years, there was only a 2.5 months diagnostic delay. Treatment regime included corticosteroids (100%), which were combined with azathioprine or methotrexate in 93.8% and 37.5% of the subjects, respectively. Severe and refractory cases were treated with cyclophosphamide (62.5%) and subsequently with tocilizumab (37.5%). Seven patients (43.8%) required either percutaneous endovascular intervention or bypass for severe disease refractory to medications. The correlation of the activity and damage scores with each other was fairly good. Damage was found to be associated only with high disease activity and extensive disease at disease onset, but not with other parameters. Conclusion Despite high usage rates of aggressive immunosuppressive therapy and biologic agents, almost half of the patients underwent interventional procedures. When medications failed, endovascular and surgical interventions were of great importance to avoid end-organ ischemia. The performance of the new activity (DEI.Tak and ITAS2010) and damage indices (TADS) seems satisfactory.