Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Greek Version of the SARC-F for evaluating sarcopenia in Greek older adults

Abstract

Objective: To translate and validate into Greek, the SARC-F questionnaire, a screening tool for sarcopenia. Methods: Questionnaire was back-translated and culturally adapted into Greek according to guidelines proposed by the World Health Organization. A convenience sample of 197 Greek elderly people (71.6 +/- 7.8 years, 68.5% women) was recruited, 64 of which were classified as persons at risk of sarcopenia according to the SARC-F. Internal consistency, test-retest and interrater reliability were evaluated. Validity (sensitivity, specificity, predictive positive value and predictive negative value) was assessed against the definition from the European Working Group of Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP2), which is considered gold standard. Receiver-operating characteristic analysis was also performed to calculate the area under the curve. Results: SARC-F demonstrated high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha of 0.93) and excellent inter-rater and test-retest reliability, with intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.91 (95% CI 0.79-0.96), and 0.93 (95% CI 0.910.95), respectively. According to the definition of sarcopenia from the EWGSOP2, 53 (26.85) participants were identified as probable sarcopenic and 23 (11.6%) as sarcopenic. Sensitivity of the tool for sarcopenia was 34.4 and specificity was 93.2. Positive predictive values were 26.4 and negative predictive values were 66.6%. Conclusion: The SARC-F was successfully adapted into Greek language. The Greek SARC-F revealed low sensitivity but high specificity with EWGSOP2 sarcopenia definitions, indicating that it can detect with precision the absence of sarcopenia.