Severe Race Of Ottoman Caliphate In 19th Century: Voyage To Second Mesrutiyet And Later Position Of The Caliphate

Abstract

Ottoman Caliphate had experienced its most coercive process in 19th century in terms of its inner socio-political conflicts. As the classical period arguments have been organized and interpreted for new demands, institutions like Caliphate also has re-adopted. At the end of 18th century and in the first half of 19th century, Tanzimat reforms and distinct features of dominion-caliphate laws have been carried to the agenda. Meanwhile Abdulhamit II has constructed its pan-Islamist policies at the heart of the caliphate authority. Despite of the depression of its position in Second Mesrutiyet (constitutional Monarchy) not only for Ottoman Muslims but also for the all Muslim population Caliphate became a major-holy authority. Especially after 1909 Constitution reforms corrosion in Caliphates authority has reached to high levels. This article analyzes historical progress of Ottoman caliphate in 19th Century, by the help of political events and intellectual discussional texts of the period.