Sarcopenia in patients following stroke: an overlooked problem

Abstract

Our aim was to investigate the prevalence of sarcopenia in stroke patients, the relationship between sarcopenia detected with different low muscle mass (LMM) adjustment methods, and between stroke-related parameters. Eighty-one patients with chronic stroke who underwent inpatient rehabilitation were included. Spasticity was evaluated by modified Ashworth scale, Brunnstrom staging approach was used for motor function evaluation, physical independence was evaluated using Barthel Index, quality-of-life was evaluated by EQ-5D-3L, and the Cumulative Illness Rating Scale was used to measure multimorbidity. Muscle strength was evaluated by handgrip strength, muscle quantity through a bioelectric impedance analysis, and physical performance by gait speed and short physical performance battery. LMM was calculated through two different methods: Skeletal muscle mass (SMM)/height(2), and SMM/BMI. For the definition of sarcopenia, we followed the EWGSOP2 recommendation. Associated sarcopenia factors were predicted by multivariate binary logistic regression analysis. The prevalence of probable sarcopenia was 32.1%. The prevalence of confirmed/sarcopenia when LMM was adjusted for BMI was higher than when adjusted for height(2) (16 and 1.2%, respectively). Age was significantly higher in those with probable sarcopenia (P = 0.006). Stroke duration was shorter in those with probable or confirmed sarcopenia (P = 0.004, P < 0.001, respectively). EQ-5D-3L scores were significantly lower in those with confirmed sarcopenia (P = 0.050). The strongest associated factor with confirmed sarcopenia was stroke duration (OR: 0.77; 95% CI, 0.618-0.965). This study suggests that prevalence of sarcopenia after a stroke is significantly high. LMM adjusted for BMI comes in front as the adjustment method for LMM after a stroke.