How do contralateral calcaneal quantitative ultrasound measurements in male professional football (soccer) players reflect the effects of high-impact physical activity on bone?

Abstract

Aim. The aim of this study was to examine how the influence of football (soccer) on bone tissue was reflected by the acoustic parameters of bone as measured by calcaneal quantitative ultrasound (QUS) at both heels. We hypothesized that football players have less contralateral variability in QUS measurements; than that in normally active individuals due to the bilateral impact loading characteristics of football.