Challenge of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Against Diabetic Foot Ulcer

Abstract

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) play an important role in embryonic development and tissue regeneration in adult life owing to their high competency and self-renewal features. MSCs represent an important stem cell population with multipotent capabilities that may have high utility for translational clinical applications. MSCs can differentiate into a variety of cell types, especially fascia originated cells, and provide soluble factors for regeneration of tissues and organs. In in vitro environments, stem cells are capable of reproducing while preserving their properties; therefore, assuming stem cells could be reproduced in sufficient quantity, they would be appropriate for genetic operations. Stem cells can be used in tissue engineering, preventing rejection of bone marrow/stem cell grafts by supporting hematopoiesis and recovery of autoimmune diseases, and cell therapy through their immunosuppressive properties. Mesenchymal stem cells have the potential capability to renew deformed organs and assist in tissue repair. In the field of wound healing, use of BM-MSCs is effective through modulating inflammation, extracellular matrix production, migration of keratinocytes, and angiogenesis for cell therapies. A significant complication of diabetes is diabetic foot ulcers, which affect quality of life and threaten life. In this article, we review recent studies with favorable results related to MSCs, which have become an important area of study in terms of tissue regeneration and regenerative medicine with diabetic foot ulcers.