Hydrogeology of the Kaklik (Denizli) Aquifer in Turkey

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to determine the hydrogeological properties of aquifers, groundwater potential, and hydraulic properties of the Denizli-Kaklik aquifer. The Kaklik aquifer is located at the upper part of the Curuksu basin covering 1 234 km(2) drainage area and is recharged from 3 subbasins; the Yokusbasi subbasin (60 km(2)), the Emircay subbasin (300 km(2)) and the Alikurt subbasin (180 km(2)). Annual precipitation is about 260.4x10(6) m(3)/year, evaporation is 183.6 x 10(6) m(3)/year, streamflow is 45.57x10(6) m(3)/year, discharge from the irrigational wells is 3.3 x 10(6) m(3)/year and residual of 27.93 x 10(6) m(3)/year is groundwater reserve. The main aquifers are cokelez Limestone, Sazak formation and Alluvium. The cokelez Limestone and Sazak formation are karstic aquifers. Malidag fm, Inceler fm, Karadere fm and Bayiralan formation are impermeable rocks. The Kizilburun formation is semi -permeable aquifer. Alluvial fan and alluvium are the permeable elastic aquifer. Thickness of aquifer at Yoku*ba*i region varies between 10 to 60 m. Transmissivity contours range between 10 and 24,885 m(2)/day and hydraulic conductivity contours range between 0 and 120 m/day in Kaklik Aquifer. The water table fluctuations show a decrease of 4 m from 1995 (32 m) to 2003 (36 m). Water table of 42720 wells show an increase from year 1997 to year 2004. Potentiometric surface maps for the years 2008 were constructed for the Kaklik aquifer and it shows the directions of groundwater flow. Potentiometric surface varies from 630 m at Alikurt (east) to 380 m OSM (west) in the flowpath of 20 km. Hydraulic gradient is about h=0,0125. Flow directions generally incline from east to west. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.