Resuscitation with PEGylated carboxyhemoglobin preserves renal cortical oxygenation and improves skeletal muscle microcirculatory flow during endotoxemia
Date
2020Author
Hilty, Matthias Peter
KANDİL, Aslı
Heeman, Paul
Bakker, Jan
Ince, Can
Guerci, Philippe
Ergin, Bulent
Ince, Yasin
Metadata
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PEGylated carboxyhemoglobin (PEGHbCO), which has carbon monoxide-releasing properties and plasma expansion and oxygen-carrying properties, may improve both skeletal microcirculatory flow and renal cortical microcirculatory Po-2(Cp mu Po-2) and, subsequently, limit endotoxemia-induced acute kidney injury. Anesthetized, ventilated Wistar albino rats (n = 44) underwent endotoxemic shock. Cp mu Po-2 was measured in exposed kidneys using a phosphorescence-quenching method. Rats were randomly assigned to the following five groups: 1) umesuscitated lipopolysaccharide (LPS), 2) LPS + Ringer's acetate (RA), 3) LPS + RA + 0.5 mu.g.kg.(-1)min(-1) norepinephrine (NE), 4) LPS + RA + 320 mg/kg PEGHbCO, and 5) LPS + RA + PEGHbCO + NE. The total volume was 30 mL/kg in each group. A time control animal group was used. Skeletal muscle microcirculation was assessed by handheld intravital microscopy. Kidney immunohistochemistry and myeloperoxidase-stained leukocytes in glomerular and peritubular areas were analyzed. Endotoxemia-induced histological damage was assessed. Plasma levels of IL-6, heme oxygenase-1, malondialdehyde, and syndecan-1 were assessed by ELISA. Cp mu Po-2 was higher in the LPS + RA + PEGHbCO-resuscitated group, at 35 +/- 6mmHg compared with 21 +/- 12 mmIIg for the LPS + RA group [mean difference: -13.53, 95% confidence interval: (-26.35; -0.7156), P = 0.035]. The number of nonflowing, intermittent, or sluggish capillaries was smaller in groups infused with PEGHbCO compared with RA alone (P < 0.05). while the number of normally perfused vessels was greater (P < 0.05). The addition of NE did not further improve Cp mu Po-2 or microcirculatory parameters. Endotoxemia-induced kidney immunohistochemistry and histological alterations were not mitigated by PEGHbCO 1 h after resuscitation. Renal leukocyte infiltration and plasma levels of biomarkers were similar across groups. PEGHbCO enhanced Cp mu Po-2 while restoring skeletal muscle microcirculatory flow in previously nonflowing capillaries. PEGHbCO should be further evaluated as a resuscitation fluid in mid- to long-term models of sepsis-induced acute kidney injury.
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