Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 and Fetuin A are Independent Predictors for the Coronary Artery Disease Extent in Mild Chronic Kidney Disease

Abstract

Background and objectives: Cardiovascular disease in chronic kidney disease (CKD) is explained in part by traditional cardiovascular risk factors; by uremia-specific factors; and by abnormalities of mineral metabolism, factors involved in its regulation, and in the vascular calcification process.