Successful percutaneous treatment of coronary steal syndrome with the amplatzer vascular plug 4 and coil embolization

Abstract

The left internal mammary artery (LIMA) is widely used in coronary artery bypass grafting surgery due to its long term perfect patency rates. However, coronary steal syndrome can occur because of unligated LIMA side branches and it causes blood flow from coronary artery to LIMA. Even though the optimal therapy of coronary steal syndrome is still controversial, some percutaneous and surgical treatment modalities can be used in the treatment of steal phenomenon for relieving angina and resolving ischemia. It was demonstrated that percutaneous treatments such as the use of gelatin sponge particles or drug-eluting stents with covered stent, and coil and vascular plug embolization were used to treat this phenomenon successfully. Several studies revealed that these percutaneous treatments can reduce the ischemic area and results in prevention of blood flow from coronary artery to LIMA side branches. Supporting these findings, we herein present a 48-year-old male patient with objective ischemia with coronary steal syndrome treated successfully with the Amplatzer vascular plug (AVP) 4 and coil embolization in the same procedure. To the best of our knowledge. the combined therapy has not been described in the literature yet. Supporting the literature findings, successful treatment of LIMA side branches in our case with two different percutaneous modalities results in improvement of coronary flow and a reduced ischemic area and angina.