A SANDFLY FEVER VIRUS (SFV) OUTBREAK IN THE MEDITERRANEAN REGION OF TURKEY AND REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE

Abstract

Sandfly fever (SF) is a viral infection commonly emerging with outbreaks in the Mediterranean countries. The sandfly fever viruses (SFVs) are transmitted by the bite of infected sandflies. SF is characterized by fever, headache, retro-orbital pain, malaise and myalgia. In Turkey, SF outbreaks were seen between 2008 and 2010. Although Kadirli district is located in the Mediterranean region of Turkey any SF epidemic has not yet been reported. We aimed to present clinical and laboratory findings of the patients diagnosed with SF in the Kadirli outbreak area and compare with previous outbreaks of close locations. 237 patients admitted to the Kadirli State Hospitals with epidemiologic history, clinical and laboratory findings were evaluated. Serum samples of 9 patients were analyzed to detect IgM and IgG antibodies. SF was diagnosed in seven patients by serology. The most common symptom was fever (97%). Thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, elevated serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels, elevated C-reactive protein and elevated lactate dehydrogenase levels were remarkable findings. All patients made a complete recovery with symptomatic treatment. Sandfly fever infection should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients who have predictive findings in site close to Mediterranean Sea, especially during summer seasons in which sandflies are active.