Low value of platelet count to mean platelet volume ratio to diagnose chronic PJI: A case control study

Abstract

Introduction: Numerous tests are being evaluated in order to aid the diagnosis of periprosthetic infections since it is a complicated and sometimes inconclusive process. The purpose of this study was to assess the diagnostic performance of platelet count to mean platelet volume ratio as a tool to aid the diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infections. The investigated questions were: & ldquo;Is platelet count/mean platelet volume ratio more sensitive or specific than C-reactive protein (CRP) or erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) in the diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infections?& rdquo; and & ldquo;Does platelet count/mean platelet volume ratio increase the accuracy of periprosthetic joint infection diagnosis?& rdquo;. Hypothesis: Platelet count/mean platelet volume ratio increases the accuracy of periprosthetic joint infection diagnosis. Materials and methods: This study was performed retrospectively on patients who underwent revision hip or knee arthroplasty between 2016 and 2019. 62 patients with 33 aseptic (AR) and 29 septic revision (SR) who met our inclusion criteria were included. The sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic performance of CRP, ESR and platelet count/mean platelet volume values were analyzed and compared. Results: The demographic characteristics were similar between groups. Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis were the most commonly encountered microorganisms, while seven patients had negative cultures in SR group. ESR, CRP and platelet count/mean platelet volume values were significantly higher in SR group compared to AR group (p < 0.01). ROC analysis for platelet count/mean platelet volume ratio revealed a cut-off value at 35.3 which provided 75.9% sensitivity and 78.8% specificity for periprosthetic joint infections. Platelet count/mean platelet volume ratio yielded lower sensitivity and similar specificity compared to ESR and CRP values. Platelet count/mean platelet volume had a lower area under curve value, indicating a poorer diagnostic performance compared to ESR and CRP. Discussion: The diagnostic performance of platelet count/mean platelet volume ratio is low and current findings do not support its usage to increase the accuracy of periprosthetic joint infections diagnosis. Level of evidence: III; diagnostic case-control study.