The Comprehension of Balkan States in Turkish Text Books; Bulgaria Exemplification (1908-1931)

Abstract

The Comprehension of Balkan States in Turkish Text Books; Bulgaria ExemplificationHayrünisa ALPIn Ottoman historiography; with the effect of westernization in 19 cc.; the scienticif norms of historiography and education started to progress with the studies of historiographers; Şanizade Mehmet Ataullah Efendi, Şeyhizade Mehmet Esat Efendi, Ahmet Cevdet Paşa, Ahmet Lütfi Efendi, Abdurrahman Şeref Efendi. Historiography gained more importance with the historiography of textbooks from the begining of Tanzimat Era; in history education lessons such as; “Short Ottoman History”, “History of Society and Ottoman History”, “ Short History and Geography”took place from the primary education to high education; With the collapse period of Ottoman Empire; with the results of Balkan Wars and also with the effects of ıntellectuals coming from Russia; thoughts such as Ottomanism, Islamism, Turkism, Westernism caused the change of mentalities in Ottoman Historiography. That effect continued in Turkish Republic Period. Particually; the political conditions; defined by 1911-1912 Balkan Wars, gave rise to Turkism in textbooks. With the establisment of Turkish Republic, Historiography studies have been improving according to nationalism and idea of nation state. The fundamental of history mentality of Turkish Republic is providing a steady foundation for the future and system of government; in other words, explaing the reason of the existence of Turkish Republic. In this declaration; articles about Balkan States and Bulgaria in textbooks; used in primary, secondary, high schools in Second Constitutional Monarchy term and until 1930s would be examined by taking consideration the expression, context, ideology and symbolism.