Comparisons of environmental effects and productivity by road construction machines in forest areas in Turkey

Abstract

In this study, forest road construction techniques, environmental damages, cross sections and productivity by using hydraulic excavator and bulldozer were investigated in forested lands in Antalya and Eskisehir region in Turkey. Maximum length of fill slope for bulldozer and excavator were found 17 m on 80% slope gradient and 11 m on same slope gradient, respectively. The costs of forest roads for bulldozer and excavator were calculated to be 21.8 US dollars/m and 8.5 US dollars/m, respectively. Productivity of bulldozer and excavator were found to be 105.8 and 66.2 m(3)/h, respectively. The types of environmental damages on trees were determined and found to be wounded, bending and crushing. In this study, 23% of trees under the forest road construction by excavator are damaged and 40% of trees by bulldozer are damaged for 45-90% ground slope.